カメラマンの仕事とは何か - (講義「作品研究」前期への提出レポート)

映画監督や出演者で見る映画を選ぶように、撮影監督の名前を頼りにビデオを借りて見ることがある。なにかしら映画の研究をしようというような場合、ビデオが非常に便利であるのは確かで、異なる監督の下においてある特定のカメラマンがそれぞれの場合どのような映像を完成させたのか、比較がしやすい。私の場合、映画館で同じ映画を一度や二度見たところで、たいてい考えが及ぶのは監督や俳優までで、カメラマンの仕事ぶりはなかなか見えてこないのが実際だ。
映画監督は、いい映画を作ろうとして努力するものだ。そして完成させようとしているその映画のその映画らしさにふさわしい画、音と、それらを生み出す風景なり俳優を考える。映画監督とは映画にかかわるスタッフの仕事を取り仕切る現場監督であり、また作家でもある。しかし、良い映像を求めて自らカメラは回さない。もちろん、的確な音響を得るためにマイクを構えることもしない。実際にそれをするのは撮影部や録音部の人間だ。
ところで、映画監督にスティル写真の経験が無い人はいないだろうと思う。私の知るかぎりではヴィム・ヴェンダースが日本でも写真展を開いていたことぐらいしか確かではないのだが、映画を作りたいと思う人間がスティル写真の存在を無視するとは思えない。それが映画カメラマンの場合となると、スティル写真を知らない人間は皆無と言って間違いないはずだ。
私のとぼしい経験から想像するに、撮影の現場において、映画カメラマンとスティルのカメラマンの仕事はさほど変わらないものではないか。違うとすればそれはむしろ撮影にのぞむ以前の準備の段階における両者の差違の影響だと言えるだろう。つまり、映画においては準備として撮影監督をはじめとする撮影部と、監督との対話が不可欠であるわけだが、これはたんに撮影に携わる人間の数の多少といった問題だけではないだろう。大ざっぱに考えて、映画には映画監督という作品を仕上げる責任者と、撮影監督という画の責任者、それ以外にも多くの責任者が存在しているが、監督の演出は当然ほかの責任者の仕事内容にも及ぶ。仕事内容の重なり合いは、ある種の執念をもってなされるような対話を続けないと、それぞれの意志を妥協という形でしか映画に反映させられないという事態を招きかねない。特にカメラマンの仕事は、まさに映画のルックにかかわる種類のもので複雑な思考を要求するので、可能なかぎり妥協は回避しなければならないのだ。

(2000年7月)

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